阅读理解———因果题的判定
By Zhao Hongyan
一、因果关系题出现的频率：
2017年新课标I B2,3 2018年新课标I D2
2017年新课标I C1 2018年新课标II B2
2017年新课标III C2 2018年新课标II C1
2017年新课标III B2 2018年新课标III B3
2017年新课标III D2 2018年新课标III D3
2017年浙江卷 B3 2018年北京卷 B1
2017年北京卷 A2
2017年北京卷 C3
2017年北京卷 D2
二、设置的问题：
Why +结果？
结果+because..........?
What made/ caused +结果？
What’s the reason for +结果？
三、因果题的解题步骤：
结果定位
因果题
寻找原因————因果关系的判定
四、因果题的实战演练： (Practice)
1、and前是正确答案
Passage 1：（2012年新课标B）
Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find
them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey
have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.
题干：Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?
A. It's small in size. B. It's hidden in trees.
C. It's covered with wax. D. It's hard to recognize.
Passage 2: (2017年新课标 I B）
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
题干：What made the chick calm down?
A. A new nest B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parents.
2、从句本身是答案
Passage 3： （2009年新课标 C）
It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are; we’re also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets, and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.“I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them,”says Isaksn
题干：Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?
A. They attack human beings. B.We need to study native animals.
C.They can’t live out of the rain forest. D.We do not know much about them yet.
Passage 4：（2015新课标 I D）
The city‘s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about lover, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehance‘s group just to learn to say what they feel. There‘s a strong need in Paris for communication, says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as religious instructor in a nearby church. ―People have few real friends. And they need to open upLehanne says she‘d like to see psychology cafes all over France. ―If people had normal lives, these cafes would‘t exist‖, she says,‖If life weren‘t a battle, people wouln‘t need a special place just to speak.But them, it wouldn‘t be France.
题干：Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A. They bring people true friendship. B. They give people spiritual support.
C. They help people realize their dreams.
D. They offer a platform for business links.
3、doing/done是答案
Passage 5：（2016年新课标 B）
As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
题干：Why was Garza’s move a success?
A. It strengthened her family ties.
B. It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her make more friends.
D. It helped her know more new places.
4、目的是答案
Passage6：（2010年新课标 C）
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
题干：Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?
A．To find more food. B．To protect themselves better.
B．To keep themselves warm. D．To produce their young.
5、because后是答案
Passage 7：（2016年新课标 A）
Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present) When Sandra Day O‘Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O‘Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
题干：What is the reason for O‘Connor‘s being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law.
B.Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women.
D. The poor financial conditions.
五、Practice： （一）
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. （第一题答案位置）
When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.
B. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.
（二）
According to the report‟s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they „hardly ever‟ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” （第一题答案）
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality.
B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children‟s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
（三）
We may think we‘re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style,That’s bad news for environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.（第一题答案）
To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – form when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
33. Why did Babbin’s team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of minerals.
B To test the life cycle of a product.
C.To update consumers on new technology.
D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
六、总结：因果题的方法：
因果关系线索：显性原因：
隐性原因：
