Fourth period Grammar
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable Ss to understand “Noun clauses as subject”
2. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable Ss to use the noun clauses to make sentences.
Teaching important points教学重点
引导主语从句的连词的掌握
Teaching difficult points教学难点
a. it作形式主语的句型
b. that和what引导主语从句时的用法区别
c. whether和if引导主语从句时的用法区别
Teaching content教学内容
Step1.Lead in
What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?
A tree has fallen across the road.
You are a student.
To find your way can be a problem.
Smoking is bad for you.
“How do you do?” is a greeting.
What she said is not yet known.
That we shall be late is certain.
It is certain that we shall be late.
We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject, so we call it Subject Clause.
主语从句（Noun
Clauses as the Subject）
在主从复合句中,用作主语的句子叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether\if；连接代词who, what,whom, which和whoever,
whatever,whomever, whichever；连接副词when, where, how和why。
1) that在句中具有“两不”原则：
不作句子成分；没有实际意义。
that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略。
That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.
他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。
2) 由whether\if引起的主语从句。
如果主语从句置于句首，不能用if引导，只能用whether。但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。
Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.
他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。
3) 连接代词,what,who, which, whom, whose, whoever, whatever,whomever, whichever在从句中的作用为：连接主从句；作句子成分；有实际意义。同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意义上更为强调，常译为“无论……”；
What the teacher said today was quite right.
老师今天说的话是十分正确的。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
4)；连接副词when, where, why, how等也有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。
注意: 上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首, 但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1) It is + adj. / n. + 从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
2) It + 不及物动词 + 从句
It seems/appears that... 似乎……
It happened that... 碰巧……
3) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 据信……; 人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明…….
如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。
4) 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that...句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用should + 动词原形的形式, should有时可以省略。
[高考链接]
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可 以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. It remains to be seen _____ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put
into practice. (陕西 2013)
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
2. _____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. (天津2013)
A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What
3. _____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. (北京2013)
A. That B. What C. Who D. Which
4. It is by no means clear _____ the president can do to end the strike. (2012大纲全国卷I)
A. how B. which C. that D. what
Keys: DDBD
